How do you calculate O-ring compression force?

How much force is needed to compress static axial seals and gaskets?

mechanical engineering - How Can You Calculate Force to Overcome Friction From an O-Ring Seal? - Engineering Stack Exchange

O-Ring Calculator Trelleborg Sealing Solutions

Fundamental of O-Ring

Llis

Seal Thinking - Seal Design Guide

O-ring - Wikipedia

JMSE, Free Full-Text

How to Calculate Fastener Spacing - Spira Manufacturing

How to Design an O-Ring Gland: Compression