The diesel scandal is not a failure on the part of individual companies, but rather the result of collusion among German automakers that lasted for years. Audi, BMW, Daimler, Volkswagen and Porsche coordinated their activities in more than a thousand meetings. The exposure of a cartel.
Dieselgate - a timeline of the car emissions fraud scandal in
German 'car cartel' conundrum – POLITICO
The Spanish Supreme Court Sentences the Trucks Cartel - Kluwer
Germany's Biggest Automakers Fined €875 Million For Emissions
Cartel probe looms over German car industry
Examples Of Collusion In Different Industries - FasterCapital
More allegations against VW emerge on car industry cartel
German carmakers agree to update software of 5 million diesel cars
BMW raided in cartel investigation as Daimler claims immunity
German car makers' shares crash on allegations of collusion
German Car Companies Are Driving the Country Off a Cliff – Foreign